In Cicero's philosophy, how is "plenus" interpreted?

In Cicero's philosophy, the term "plenus" is interpreted as "full." This concept goes beyond a mere physical state of fullness; it often carries significant philosophical implications regarding completeness and abundance in various contexts. For instance, it can relate to the fullness of a person's character, moral virtues, or even the richness of an idea. In Cicero’s writings, the idea of being "full" can also imply a sense of fulfillment in terms of knowledge or virtue, suggesting a holistic state of being where all aspects are developed and cultivated. This aligns with many philosophical discussions in which fullness denotes a state of perfection or totality.

The other interpretations—empty, limited, and partial—do not capture the essence of the term as understood in Cicero's works. They fail to reflect the positive and comprehensive connotation that "plenus" conveys in terms of character, thought, or moral standing. Thus, recognizing "plenus" as "full" is vital for understanding its role in Cicero’s worldview.