What does "fortuna" mean in Cicero's philosophy of fate?

In Cicero's philosophy, the term "fortuna" is best translated as "fortune." This concept embodies the idea of fortune as a force that influences human affairs, often in unpredictable ways. "Fortuna" reflects the belief that luck or fortune can impact one's life journey and the events that unfold, suggesting that not everything is within human control.

While "chance," "fate," and "destiny" may share some thematic relevance, they represent different nuances. "Chance" implies randomness, while "fate" and "destiny" suggest a predetermined outcome, which is not entirely synonymous with the Roman understanding of "fortuna." Instead, "fortuna" captures a more fluid and dynamic conception, emphasizing the role of external circumstances and luck in shaping experiences. This understanding aligns closely with Cicero's exploration of human agency in relation to the uncertain elements of life.