What is 'Supplicium' in Latin?

The term 'supplicium' in Latin specifically refers to punishment, torture, or pain. It is derived from the verb 'supplico,' which means to plead or supplicate, often in a context where one is seeking mercy. The use of 'supplicium' usually denotes a severe consequence for wrongdoing, highlighting notions of legal or moral retribution. This aligns with Cicero's discussions about justice and the necessary consequences for crime, making this vocabulary particularly relevant in his works.

In contrast, the other options represent concepts that are quite different. 'Reward or recognition' would suggest a positive designation, often connected to merit or achievement, which is unrelated to the punitive connotation of 'supplicium.' 'Peace or tranquility' conveys a state of calmness, starkly opposing the idea of punishment, which often involves distress or turmoil. Lastly, 'gift or offering' implies a voluntary act of giving, generally intended to convey goodwill or generosity, further deviating from the punitive implications associated with 'supplicium.'