What is the primary meaning of "furor"?

The term "furor" in Latin primarily denotes a state of intense rage or fury. It conveys a sense of overwhelming passion or madness, often associated with violent emotions or frenzy. In literature and historical texts, it frequently illustrates situations where characters are consumed by strong feelings, leading to erratic behavior.

In contrast, the other choices represent emotions or states that are quite different in nature. For instance, "joy" involves positivity and happiness, while "calm" reflects tranquility and peace. "Wisdom" pertains to knowledge and sagacity, which is far removed from the wild intensity encapsulated in "furor." Therefore, the correct answer aligns directly with the most common and impactful use of the term in Latin literature.